1. To navigate to the root directory $ cd /
2. To navigate to the home directory $ cd or $ cd ~
3. To see the file or folder listing $ ls
4. To delete files $ rm file_name
To delete directory $ rm R
5. To make directory $ mkdir new_dir
6. To display file system disk space $ df -h
7. To display amount of free and used space in RAM $ free m
8. System network interface $ ifconfig
9. To add group $ addgroup newgroup
10. Add user $ adduser new_user
11. To assign password $ passwd
12. Add user assad to new group $ adduser assad newgroup
13. To get Information $ info
14. To escape editor Press 'q' / Press Esc, :+wq = write quie write quie / :q = quit Exit, if no change
15. Change directory or file mode $ chmod xxx file_name
X=4: for read only.
X=2: for write only.
X=1: for execute only.
16. To change group attribute of a file or directory $ chgrp group_name file_name
17. Install software in ubuntusudo $ aptget install software_name
18. Clear the terminal $ clear
19. To display the name of your current directory $ pwd
20. To view process currently running $ ps aux
21. Commant to start the service $ start
22. stop Commant to stop the service
23. To lock user account $ sudo passwd l user_name
To unlock user account $ sudo passwd u user_name
24. To enable root directory $ sodo passwd root
25. To create a file named filename1 $ touch filename1
26. Display date $ date
Display date in s $ date +"%H:%M:%S"
Display calender $ cal
27. Display current user $ whoami
28. Display system information $ uname
29. Logged on information $ who
30. For how long the system has been running $ uptime
41. To display text $ echo 'text display'
42. To see the path $ whereis bash
$locate
43. To display standard path $ which wesnoth
44. Used to concentrate more than one files $ cat /etc/mtab
45. Text editor mode $less /etc/mtab
46. Super user $ sudo su
47. Find out processes $ ps elf | less
48. Show system configuration $ lshw
49. Find out open ports $ netstat
40. Stop mysql $ /etc/init.d/mysql stop or service mysql stop
51. Start mysql $ /etc/init.d/mysql start or service mysql start
52. To update ubuntu $ aptget update
To upgrade $ aptget upgrade
53. To rename file $ cp filename1 filename2
54. To rename folders $ mv filename1 filename2
55. Networking stop / internet stop $ sudo /etc/init.d/networking stop
56. Networking stop / internet start $ sudo /etc/init.d/networking start
57. To copy file or folders $ cp source destination
58. Folder copy $ cp -r /data/cmail /data/assad [cmail folder will be copied to assad folder ]
59. Folder/file move $ mv source destination
60. Secure copy [from remote pc] $ scp source destination
if the test folder does not exists then the file is saved as 'test' in root(/)
scp cention@192.168.0.105:/home/cention/Documents/myth.odt /home/subarna/Desktop/assad/
scp cention@192.168.0.105:/home/cention/Documents/myth.doc_0.odt .
(if the destination is the default location so, . (dot) is enough as destination)
61. Remove file $ rm filename
62 To make a shortcut $ ln -s source destination
e.g.$ ln -s /home/cention/Documents/kommuninfo/portal /var/www/
2. To navigate to the home directory $ cd or $ cd ~
3. To see the file or folder listing $ ls
4. To delete files $ rm file_name
To delete directory $ rm R
5. To make directory $ mkdir new_dir
6. To display file system disk space $ df -h
7. To display amount of free and used space in RAM $ free m
8. System network interface $ ifconfig
9. To add group $ addgroup newgroup
10. Add user $ adduser new_user
11. To assign password $ passwd
12. Add user assad to new group $ adduser assad newgroup
13. To get Information $ info
14. To escape editor Press 'q' / Press Esc, :+wq = write quie write quie / :q = quit Exit, if no change
15. Change directory or file mode $ chmod xxx file_name
X=4: for read only.
X=2: for write only.
X=1: for execute only.
16. To change group attribute of a file or directory $ chgrp group_name file_name
17. Install software in ubuntusudo $ aptget install software_name
18. Clear the terminal $ clear
19. To display the name of your current directory $ pwd
20. To view process currently running $ ps aux
21. Commant to start the service $ start
22. stop Commant to stop the service
23. To lock user account $ sudo passwd l user_name
To unlock user account $ sudo passwd u user_name
24. To enable root directory $ sodo passwd root
25. To create a file named filename1 $ touch filename1
26. Display date $ date
Display date in s $ date +"%H:%M:%S"
Display calender $ cal
27. Display current user $ whoami
28. Display system information $ uname
29. Logged on information $ who
30. For how long the system has been running $ uptime
41. To display text $ echo 'text display'
42. To see the path $ whereis bash
$locate
43. To display standard path $ which wesnoth
44. Used to concentrate more than one files $ cat /etc/mtab
45. Text editor mode $less /etc/mtab
46. Super user $ sudo su
47. Find out processes $ ps elf | less
48. Show system configuration $ lshw
49. Find out open ports $ netstat
40. Stop mysql $ /etc/init.d/mysql stop or service mysql stop
51. Start mysql $ /etc/init.d/mysql start or service mysql start
52. To update ubuntu $ aptget update
To upgrade $ aptget upgrade
53. To rename file $ cp filename1 filename2
54. To rename folders $ mv filename1 filename2
55. Networking stop / internet stop $ sudo /etc/init.d/networking stop
56. Networking stop / internet start $ sudo /etc/init.d/networking start
57. To copy file or folders $ cp source destination
58. Folder copy $ cp -r /data/cmail /data/assad [cmail folder will be copied to assad folder ]
59. Folder/file move $ mv source destination
60. Secure copy [from remote pc] $ scp source destination
if the test folder does not exists then the file is saved as 'test' in root(/)
scp cention@192.168.0.105:/home/cention/Documents/myth.odt /home/subarna/Desktop/assad/
scp cention@192.168.0.105:/home/cention/Documents/myth.doc_0.odt .
(if the destination is the default location so, . (dot) is enough as destination)
61. Remove file $ rm filename
62 To make a shortcut $ ln -s source destination
e.g.$ ln -s /home/cention/Documents/kommuninfo/portal /var/www/